One of the most popular methods of going green at home is using renewable, alternative energy such as solar energy. This energy can then be used as a source for heating or converted into usable electricity to power everything electric in the home. To harvest solar energy, one needs to use solar panels. Solar panels act as the thermal collectors to collect solar radiation via sunlight in a photovoltaic system. But exactly how do solar panels work?
They can be added onto the roof with minimal difference seen in the physical appearance of the home. But how do solar panels work?
Now that you the basics of how solar panels work, it is important to also understand how other factors can effect the productivity. The angle and position of the panels in relation to the ever-changing position of the sun will effect the amount of energy collected. Access to direct sunlight without any obstructions is the most desirable placement. Dynamic mounts allow for the solar panels to move with the sun, thus allowing for maximum exposure and higher levels of solar energy collected.
The type of material a solar panel is constructed from may effect the durability and productivity of the panel. The most common material used is crystalline silicon. However, there are more expensive and more efficient materials available, such as gallium arsenide or amorphous silicon alloy. Efficiency is usually based on the output of a unit at peak power, measured in watts per square foot. Depending on this energy density, more than one solar panel may be needed in order to achieve the desired level of productivity.
As with any type of equipment, constant exposure to precipitation and changing hot and cold temperatures will cause wear and tear over time. Solar panels, when exposed to these weather conditions repeatedly, may decrease in efficiency as the panels age. Many manufacturers will offer a guarantee that could last up to 10 years for up to 90% of the rated power output.
Once the solar energy is collected, it must then be converted and stored. Depending on the type of photovoltaic system, there may be an inverter or battery and wiring that connects the solar panels to the rest of the system. A typical system will usually have more than one solar panel, depending on the available space and desired output. The energy collected could be converted into useable electrical current or could be used to heat the water in a hot water heater.
Answering the question of how do solar panels work will allow homeowners to make a better informed decision when deciding what type of solar panels to purchase in a photovoltaic system. Cost, energy output, and physical space limitations are just a few factors that could also affect the final parameters of the solar energy system chosen.